Мировые религии и культы: главные святыни. От паломничества до религиозного туризма - Кэтрин Херлок

432

Robertson, Iraq: A History, 212.

433

James H. Lindsay, Daily Life in the Medieval Islamic World (Cambridge: Hackett, 2005), 164.

434

Toby Matthiesen, The Caliph and the Imam: The Making of Sunnism and Shiism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023), 87.

435

The Travels of Ibn Battuta, 325–26.

436

Zachary M. Heern, The Emergence of Modern Shi’ism: Islamic Reform in Iraq and Iran (London: Oneworld, 2015), 103.

437

Yitzhak Nakash, The Shi’is of Iraq (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994), 21–2.

438

Heern, The Emergence of Modern Shi’ism, 145.

439

Litvak, Shi’i Scholars of Nineteenth-Century Iraq, 136.

440

From Juan R. I. Cole and Moojan Momen, ‘Mafia, Mob and Shiism in Iraq: the Rebellion of Ottoman Karbala, 1842–1842’, Past & Present, 112 (1986), 124.

441

Litvak, Shi’i Scholars of Nineteenth-Century Iraq, 136.

442

Ibid., 143, 150–57.

443

Letter from Gertrude Bell to her stepmother, Dame Florence Bell, Gertrude Bell Archive (Newcastle University) GB/1/1/1/1/27/1.

444

Kamran Scot Ashaie, The Martyrs of Karbala; Shi’i Symbols and Rituals in Modern Iran (Washington DC: University of Washington Press, 2004), 60.

445

Marvin Zonis, Majestic Failure: The Fall of the Shah (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991), 150–52.

446

Аятолла – почетный титул шиитских богословов, который имеют полномочия самостоятельно решать вопросы исламского права.

447

M. J. Fischer, Iran: From Religious Dispute to Revolution (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003), 213; V. Nasr, The Shia Revival (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007), 43.

448

Bill Rolston, ‘When everywhere is Karbala: Murals, Martyrdom and propaganda in Iran’, Memory Studies, 13 (2020), 3–23.

449

КСИР (Корпус стражей исламской революции) – созданное в 1979 году военно-политическое формирование Ирана, сторона Ирано-иракской войны. Некоторые страны мира (США, Израиль, Саудовская Аравия) считают КСИР террористической организацией.

450

Robertson, Iraq: A History, 314.

451

Muhsin al-Musawi, Reading Iraq: Culture and Power in Conflict (London: I. B. Taurus, 2006), 51.

452

Террористическая организация, деятельность которой на территории РФ запрещена.

453

A Nikjoo, Neda Razavizadeh and Michael A. Di Giovine, ‘What draws Shia Muslims to an insecure pilgrimage? The Iranian journey to Arbaeen, Iraq during the presence of ISIS’, Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 19 (2021), 606–27.

454

Heern, The Emergence of Modern Shi’ism, 31–2.

455

Cole and Momen, ‘Mafia, Mob and Shiism in Iraq’, 112–43.

456

Heern, The Emergence of Modern Shi’ism, 209.

457

Вакф – в мусульманском праве переданное государством имущество на религиозные или благотворительные цели.

458

Michael O’Sullivan, ‘«Indian money», Intra-Shi-i Polemics, and the Bohra and Khoja Pilgrimage Infrastructure in Iraq’s Shrine Cities, 1897–1932’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 32.1 (2022), 231, 234, 240.

459

Ibid., 213, 224.

460

Ira M. Lapidus, A History of Islamic Societies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 302.

461

Heern, The Emergence of Modern Shi’ism, 131–2.

462

Nahash, The Shi’is of Iraq, 167.

463

Фронтиспис – рисунок на развороте с титульным листом книги.

464

T. A. Willard, The City of the Sacred Well: Being a Narrative of the Discoveries of and Excavations of Edward Herbert Thompson in the Ancient City of Chi-Chen Itza with Some Discourse on the Culture and Development of the Mayan Civilization as Revealed by their Art and Architecture, here set down and illustrated from photographs (New York: Century Co., 1926), frontispiece.

465

Асьенда – частное поместье в Испании или странах Латинской Америки. К примеру, в Бразилии такие называют фазендами.

466

Edward Herbert Thompson, People of the Serpent: Life and Adventure Among the Maya (New York: Capricorn Books, 1960), 3–4.

467

Ibid., 274.

468

Alma M. Reed, Peregrina: Love and Death in Mexico, ed. Michael K. Schuessler (Houston: University of Texas Press, 2007), 201.

469

Reprinted as Alma Reed, ‘The Well of the Maya’s Human Sacrifice’, El Palacio, 14 (1 June 1923), 160.

470

Reed, Peregrina, 65.

471

Channing Arnold and Frederick J. Tabor Frost, The American Egypt: A Record of Travels in Yucatán (London: Hutchinson & Co., 1909), 92–3.

472

Clemency Chase Coggins, Cenote of Sacrifice: Maya Treasures from the Second Well at Chichen Itza (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1984), 179; ‘Pre-Hispanic City of Chichén-Itzá’, UNESCO: World Heritage Conservation, https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/483/.

473

Landa’s Relación de las Cosas de Yucatán, trans. Alfred M. Tozzer (Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum Press, 1941), 109, 219.

474

Sylvanus Griswold Morley, ‘Archaeological Investigations of the Carnegie Institution of Washington in the Maya Area of Middle America, during the Past Twenty-Eight Years’, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 86 (1943), 214; Sylvanus Griswold Morley, ‘Chichén Itzá: An Ancient American Mecca’, National Geographic (January 1925), 63–95.

475

T. Douglas Price, Vera Tiesler and Carolyn Freiwald, ‘Place of Origins of